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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Big Bend, California ： ウィキペディア英語版 Big Bend, California Big Bend is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States. The population was 102 at the 2010 census, down from 149 at the 2000 census. ==History== For several thousand years prior to the nineteenth century, Big Bend was the heart of the territory of the Madesi (pronounced Mah-day-see) tribe (or "band") of Pit River Native Americans. The Madesi is one of nine bands (also called "tribelets") that spoke the Achomawi language. (Early anthropologists mistakenly called all nine bands in the language group "Achomawi," although only one of the bands was actually called Achomawi.)〔Achomawi Geography, (University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology), Volume 23, Number 5, 1928 By Fred Bowerman Kniffen〕 The Madesi band's territorial region included Big Bend and the surrounding area of the Lower Pit River (Ah-choo'-mah in the Madesi dialect, which has few or no speakers still living) and several of its tributaries, such as Kosk Creek (An-noo-che'che) and Nelson Creek (Ah-lis'choo'-chah), also in Big Bend. The main village of the Madesi was on the North bank of the Pit River, east of Kosk Creek, and was called "Mah-dess'," or "Mah-dess' Atjwam" (Madesi Valley), and was directly across the river from the smaller villages that surrounded the hot springs on the river's South bank, which were called "Oo-le'-moo-me," "Lah'-lah-pis'-mah," and "Al-loo-satch-ha."〔THE CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE PIT RIVER INDIAN TRIBES OF CALIFORNIA. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Volume 78, Number 3. E. H. Harriman Fund. Publication 2874. By G. Hart. Merriam〕 The Madesi people enjoyed great abundance of food sources, which mainly consisted of acorns, deer, salmon, and other fish from the river. The Big Bend area is so remote and isolated that the Madesi was one of the last indigenous peoples of California to be invaded and pushed out of their ancestral homeland. Until the 1850s, the valley where Big Bend sits (now commonly called the "Madesi Valley") was relatively unknown to Euro-Americans, and rarely visited by outsiders. By 1860, however, USA military forces and white settlers had killed or captured and relocated most Indians in the entire Pit River region.〔Broken Ring: The Destruction of the California Indians (Great West and Indian Series, 46) By Van H., Ph.D. Garner〕 As white settlers began to come to Big Bend in the 1860s, few Madesi were left in the area, and the newcomers began to claim the stolen land as their own. By the 1890s, Big Bend was becoming a small quiet town of white settlers, centered around the hot springs. It was originally called "Elena" (1890) by the Euro-Americans settlers, and then changed to "Henderson", (1906) before they began calling it "Big Bend" (1922). Early white settlers built a log hotel with a post office and a saloon just above the main hot springs. Many visitors around the turn of the 20th-century came to Big Bend to soak in the hot springs, seeking the reputed healing qualities of the hot mineral water baths. Big Bend grew slowly until the late 1930s, when Pacific Gas and Electric Company began construction on the Pit Five Hydroelectric Dam and Pit Five Power House.〔120 FERC ¶ 62,001 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION Pacific Gas and Electric Company Project No. 233-081 Shasta County, California ORDER ISSUING NEW LICENSE (July 2, 2007) Issued by FERC OSEC 07/02/2007 in Docket#: P-233-081〕 The dam construction brought thousands of jobs and people to Big Bend. This included engineers, builders, tunnel diggers (around 2000 hard-rock miners), and service workers to the area. Big Bend saw a "boom and bust" cycle, and the population was declining by the late 1940s, after the dam work was completed. Although the maintenance of the hydroelectric facilities and a large commercial logging industry still require numerous employees, almost all of the people working in such jobs live outside of Big Bend, contributing further to the population decline. The population of Big Bend was only 102 people in the 2010 census, apparently the lowest number of residents since the 1860s.〔Big Bend, California〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Big Bend, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.